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	DES BARRES, J. F. W. (1721-1824, publisher) - Samuel HOLLAND (1728-1801) and George CALLENDAR (fl. around 1769), surveyors [Chart of the Harbour of Boston. Composed from different Surveys; but principally from that taken in 1769, by Mr. George Callendar, Late Master of His Majesty's Ship the Romney] London: Published by J.F.W. Des Barres in 'The Atlantic Neptune', August 5th, 1775. Copper-engraved and etched map, with aquatint, on two joined sheets. Printed on laid paper with `J Bates' watermark and `JB' countermark, in excellent condition. Sheet size: 30 1/4 x 42 5/8 inches. The finest and most celebrated sea chart of Boston Harbor ever produced, and a highly important Revolutionary War map depicting details relating to the Siege of Boston This is one the most important maps contained in Des Barres' The Atlantic Neptune, and one of the most significant large-scale maps of the Revolutionary War. It provides an invaluable record of Boston at the beginning of the war, covering the area from the environs of the city out into the open waters of Massachusetts Bay. A particularly striking feature is the use of boldly etched and subtly aquatinted details to capture the diverse topography of the region, including the numerous hills, islands, and river estuaries. It is important to remember that this was issued as a working sea-chart, and as such the cartographer has naturally concentrated on features such as depth soundings, indicated by detailed lines and based on surveys by Samuel Holland and George Callendar, and the navigable channels between the harbor's numerous shoals, which are delicately outlined in stipple-engraving. Holland's original manuscript map is today preserved in the British Hydrographic Library at Taunton, Somerset. The present map shows the city of Boston, with its streets carefully outlined, occupying a pear-shaped peninsula, a position that would soon prove precarious to its British defenders in the escalating conflict. This is the second state (of five) of Des Barres' chart, and is identical to the Henry Stevens Collection, variant 96D, in the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. This state shows a number of notable changes when compared with the original, and was evidently altered to take particular account of the Siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 to March 17, 1776). Henry Stevens noted that this state depicted the addition of "Numerous Forts, Batteries, Redoubts, &c. [which] have been inserted in many places, notably on the Charles Town peninsula, and on the mainland between 'Willis Creek' and 'Mystic River,' also on the east and north side of 'Charles River' below 'Cambridge'...[also] to the south of 'Boston Neck' and 'Dorchester Neck'...[This state] is almost as rare as the first state. It is found in some copies of the earliest edition of the Neptune." The accuracy, scope and artistic virtue of Des Barres's Chart of the Harbour of Boston was apparent to his contemporaries and it became the main source map of the area for decades to come. Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres was born in Switzerland, where his Huguenot ancestors had fled following the repeal of the Edict of Nantes. He studied under the great mathematician Daniel Bernoulli at the University of Basel, before immigrating to Britain where he trained at the Royal Military College, Woolwich. Upon the outbreak of hostilities with France in 1756, he joined the British Royal American Regiment as a military engineer. He came to the attention of General James Wolfe, who appointed him to join his personal detail. During this period he also worked with the legendary future explorer James Cook on a monumental chart of the St. Lawrence River. Upon the conclusion of the Seven Years War, Britain's empire in North America was greatly expanded, and this required the creation of a master atlas featuring new and accurate sea charts for use by the Royal Navy. Des Barres was enlisted to survey the coastlines of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. With these extremely accurate surveys in hand, Des Barres returned to London in 1774, where the Royal Navy charged him with the Herculean task of producing the atlas. He was gradually forwarded the manuscripts of numerous advanced surveys conducted by British cartographers in the American Colonies, Jamaica and Cuba, of which the present map is based on the work of Samuel Holland, conducted in the 1760s. The result was The Atlantic Neptune, which became the most celebrated sea atlas of its era, containing the first systematic survey of the east coast of North America. Des Barres's synergy of great empirical accuracy with the peerless artistic virtue of his aquatint views, created a work that "has been described as the most splendid collection of charts, plates and views ever published" (National Maritime Museum Catalogue). The Neptune eventually consisted of four volumes and Des Barres's dedication to the project was so strong that often at his own expense he continually updated and added new charts and views to various editions up until 1784, producing over 250 charts and views, many appearing in several variations. All of these charts were immensely detailed, featuring both hydrographical and topographical information, such that in many cases they remained the most authoritative maps of the regions covered for several decades. Following the completion of The Neptune, Des Barres returned to Canada, where he remained for a further forty years, becoming a senior political figure and a wealthy land owner, living to the advanced age of 103. Cf. Guthorn,British Maps of the American Revolution, (referring to Holland's original manuscript) 59/3; Krieger & Cobb p.107 (1781 issue); Lingel, Atlantic Neptune N91.2; National Maritime Museum, Henry Stevens Collection K0713 HNS 96D; National Maritime Museum, Catalogue, 78-83; Nebenzahl Bibliography 3; Stevens, Bibliography of the Atlantic Neptune (unpublished) pp.211-216; Sellers & Van Ee, 945. #17671$35,000.00
	DES BARRES, J.F.W. (1721?-1824) A Chart of Delawar[e] Bay with Soundings and Nautical Observations taken by Capt. Sir Andrew Snape Hammond of the Navy and others Composed and Published for The Use of Pilotage.... London: Published by J. F. W. Des Barres in 'The Atlantic Neptune', June 1st, 1779. Black and white copper engraving. Large repaired tear (12") from bottom edge, parallel to centerfold. 4" repaired split from bottom in centerfold. Thin, uneven margins. Plate size: 30 1/4 x 22 1/8 inches. This is a fantastic sea chart of the Delaware coast from the 'The Atlantic Neptune' which is universally recognized as one of the most magnificent atlases ever made. This superb sea chart, constructed for the use of the British Navy, shows the major part of the Delaware coast, from Rehobeth to Bombay Hook, as well as the opposing south New Jersey shore. 'The Atlantic Neptune' was the first great marine atlas, and one of the great achievements of eighteenth century cartography. When publication in England began in 1774, it contained over 250 charts and views of the North American and Canadian coasts. The charts were intensely detailed and contained both hydrographical and topographical details. The Neptune was compiled and published for the Royal Navy by Joseph F. W. Des Barres, a Swiss cartographer who joined the Royal American Regiment as a surveyor. Des Barres fought in the French and Indian wars and was enlisted to survey the Canadian coastline. While his fellow surveyor, Samuel Holland charted the New England coast, Des Barres mapped the shoreline of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and the St. Lawrence River regions. In 1774, Des Barres returned to England where he compiled and published his monumental atlas; his dedication to the project was so strong that he published an updated version of the work every year until 1784. Des Barres' work was so superior to any other contemporary atlas that the maps were used as the standard charts of the East coast for over 50 years. The Neptune remains one of the most important atlases ever printed, its views and maps chart as aspect of the history of North America and now allow us to glimpse this land drastically changed by the passage of time. Snyder, City of Independence, p. 271. #20759$10,000.00
	DES BARRES, J.F.W. (1721-1824, publisher) and George GAULD, surveyor A chart of the bay and harbour of Pensacola in the province of West Florida surveyed by George Gauld A.M. London: J.F.W. Des Barres in the 'Atlantic Neptune', August 1st 1780. Copper-engraved sea chart with aquatint, and details heightened in original colour. 21 1/2 x 29 7/8 inches. A very rare and highly important sea chart of Pensacola Harbor from 'The Atlantic Neptune,' the finest marine atlas of North America's east coast, produced during the Revolutionary War. This superbly drafted map features the magnificent natural harbor of Pensacola on the Florida panhandle. Des Barres based this rendering on manuscript survey maps by the British military engineer George Gauld. The town, with its fort and carefully laid out streets is featured in the left-centre of the map. Another settlement "Campbell Town" is located further up the harbour toward the entrance of the "Scambia" (Escambia) River. The borders of various land grants are demarcated, and the countryside is elegantly detailed with aquatint features, and coloured in a light brown-green wash. The chart precisely captures the features of the coast, showing how the harbor is protected by two sandy bars of land, the outer being Santa Rosa Island. The chart features a great deal of quantitative hydrographic information, and instructions to mariners are written in the lower right of the map, ensuring that it was by far the most accurate and comprehensive pilot for the harbor produced in the eighteenth-century. The present example is the second of two variants of this chart distinguished by the heightening of the townscapes in a brilliant red hue of original colour. It is important to note that the very year that this map was printed the region was caught up in the dramatic action of the Revolutionary War. The Spaniards, who had just joined the war on the American side, seized the British garrison at Fort Barrancas, and West Florida remained in their possession for the duration of the war. Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres was born in Switzerland, where his Huguenot ancestors had fled following the repeal of the Edict of Nantes. He studied under the great mathematician Daniel Bernoulli at the University of Basel, before immigrating to Britain where he trained at the Royal Military College, Woolwich. Upon the outbreak of hostilities with France in 1756, he joined the British Royal American Regiment as a military engineer. He came to the attention of General James Wolfe, who appointed him to join his personal detail. During this period he also worked with the legendary future explorer James Cook on a monumental chart of the St. Lawrence River. Upon the conclusion of the Seven Years War, Britain's empire in North America was greatly expanded, and this required the creation of a master atlas featuring new and accurate sea charts for use by the Royal Navy. Des Barres was enlisted to survey the coastlines of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. With these extremely accurate surveys in hand, Des Barres returned to London in 1774, where the Royal Navy charged him with the Herculean task of producing the atlas. He was gradually forwarded the manuscripts of numerous advanced surveys conducted by British cartographers in the American Colonies, Jamaica and Cuba. The result was The Atlantic Neptune, which became the most celebrated sea atlas of its era, containing the first systematic survey of the east coast of North America. Des Barres's synergy of great empirical accuracy with the peerless artistic virtue of his aquatint views, created a work that "has been described as the most splendid collection of charts, plates and views ever published" (National Maritime Museum Catalogue). The Neptune eventually consisted of four volumes and Des Barres's dedication to the project was so strong that often at his own expense he continually updated and added new charts and views to various editions up until 1784, producing over 250 charts and views, many appearing in several variations. All of these charts were immensely detailed, featuring both hydrographical and topographical information, such that in many cases they remained the most authoritative maps of the regions covered for several decades. Following the completion of The Neptune, Des Barres returned to Canada, where he remained for a further forty years, becoming a senior political figure and a wealthy land owner, living to the advanced age of 103. National Maritime Museum,Catalogue III, 144, p.384; National Maritime Museum, Henry Newton Stevens Collection, 173B; Sellers & Van Ee, Maps & Charts of North America & West Indies, 1663; Cf. Guthorn, British Maps of the American Revolution, 46 #19771$22,500.00
	DONCKER, Hendrick (after); and Gerard VAN KEULEN A Chart of the Sea Coasts of New Neder Land, Virginia, New-England, and Penn-Silvania, With the Citty of Philadelphia, from Baston to Cabo Karrik. [with insets]: De Stadt Philadelphia of Penn-Silvania [and] De Bay van Boston Amsterdam: c. 1706. Engraved map. Insets of Philadelphia (after Thomas Holme) and Boston Harbor. With wide margins, overall a strong impression. Sheet size: 21 1/4 x 24 3/4 inches. Provenance: Martin P. Snyder. A beautifully printed example of the Donckers-van Keulen chart of the American coast from the Outer Banks of North Carolina to Boston. An exceptionally fine example of a classic Dutch sea chart of the northeast American coast, with insets of Holme's plan of Philadelphia and Boston Harbor. First issued by the well-known Dutch publisher of maritime works, Hendrick Doncker (1626 - 99) in 1688, this striking chart of the northeast coast of North America was one of many Doncker plates acquired by Johannes van Keulen (1654 - 1715), who also took over Doncker's store and made it into a workshop. He reissued this chart with various changes (most notably reworking the cartouche of the original into the inset of Boston Harbor). The chart in its new form appeared around 1706. Hendrick Doncker was one of several Amsterdam chartmakers who played an important role in the brief Dutch ascendancy at sea. Colom, Goos, Lootsman, van Loon and the van Keulens provided the ever improving charts for the ever increasing merchant fleet, and the ever increasing map reading public. As Koeman notes, Doncker appears to have been one of the more assiduous of the chartmakers, making corrections and improvements and replacing obsolete charts with new ones, when the general tendency was to re-print the existing charts as long as possible. His store sold atlases, pilot guides, navigational instruments and individual charts. Very near the end of his life, he sold most of the business to Johannes van Keulen, who had a shop across the street. With his son Gerard (1678-1724), who had an aptitude for the navigational sciences, they gradually established the predominant house for navigational publications, to the extent that all sea atlases were referred to as "Van Keulens" in later years. The inset of Philadelphia is derived from the Dutch edition of Thomas Holme's famous 1683 plan. Its inclusion and the large inset of Boston Bay reminds us that the Dutch were primarily merchants rather than settlers, interested in profit, not Utopias. Burden 644 note; Koeman IV: p. 154 and Keu 113B; McCorkle 734.1 (see also 660.2); Phillips, Descriptive List of Maps and Views of Philadelphia 171; Sellers & Van Ee 768; Snyder, COI 5 (this copy illustrated as figure 4). #21367$18,500.00
	FADEN, William (1750-1836) Boston its Environs and Harbour, with the Rebel Works Raised Against that Town in 1775, from the Observations of Lieut. Page of His Majesty's Corps of Engineers, with Additions from Sundry American Plans. [London]: Published by William Faden, 1778 [but actually ca. 1835]. Engraved map on two sheets, measuring 21¼ x 29 inches and 23¼ x 13 inches. Total size of the map area measures 17½ x 34 inches. Some slight strengthening of the platemark. An early 19th-century printing of William Faden's important and detailed map of Boston and Boston harbor in the early days of the American Revolution. The map was drawn by the British Lieutenant Thomas Hyde Page, who was severely wounded at Bunker Hill, and draws on the surveys of Captain John Montresor. It is an expanded version of Faden's "A Plan of the Town of Boston...in 1775," which was originally published in 1777. The present map contains the same plan of Boston, but shows the larger area around the city, giving a clear idea of the placement of the rebellious American forces around Roxbury, Cambridge, and Dorchester. "Rebel lines" are shown between Roxbury and Dorchester Neck, with a note of "work begun" on Dorchester Hill. The present map also extends quite far eastward, showing the islands of Boston Harbor all the way to The Brewsters. This map was originally printed by William Faden in 1777 on a slightly smaller scale, and was then reprinted by Faden in 1778 at its current size (see Nebenzahl). Faden was the leading British map publisher of his time. Nebenzahl, Battle Plans of the American Revolution 21 (note) #20690$7,500.00
	FISHER, Joshua (1707-1783) and Georges Louis LE ROUGE (1712-90) Baye De La Delaware Avec les Ports, Sondes, Dangers, Bancs & c. depuis les Caps Jusqu'a Philadelphie d'Apres la Carte de Joshua Fisher Paris: Chez Le Rouge rue des grands Augustins., 1777. Copper-engraved sea chart, in excellent condition. Sheet size: 21 1/2 x 31 1/8 inches. A very fine edition of the most important sea chart of Delaware Bay and the navigation to Philadelphia, made in Paris on the eve of France's entry into the Revolutionary War This very fine and attractive sea chart was considered for its time to be one of the most accurate and detailed maritime maps of an American subject ever produced. It embraces the waters of Delaware Bay, and follows the Homonymous river all the way up to Philadelphia, which appears on the far right side of the map. The chart delineates the preferred shipping channels with which to navigate the treacherous waters between the numerous sandy shoals and tidal banks. The chart features numerous depth soundings, and the attributes of the shoreline are captured in great detail. A small inset in the upper right corner continues the charting further up the river past Philadelphia. The fine detail and accuracy of the present sea chart was the result of over two decades of careful surveys conducted by Joshua Fisher and his colleagues. Fisher, a Quaker originally from Lewes, Delaware, grew up on the Bay, and was well acquainted with many of the mariners and pilots who sailed up the river to Philadelphia, then the largest city in America. Fisher, who was appointed deputy surveyor-general of Delaware, was able to assemble a large network of surveyors to assist him, and he managed to convince local merchants to fund his work. Interestingly, the names of these individuals are listed on the upper left of this chart. Fisher published his map in Philadelphia in 1756, and unlike the present chart, it did not show the navigable route the entire way to Philadelphia. This omission was supposedly at the instigation of the British authorities who did not want such a device to fall into the hands of France, with whom Britain was then at war. Fisher later became one of the most successful merchants in Philadelphia, and his firm Joshua Fisher & Sons founded the packet shipping line that ran between Philadelphia and London. The present edition of the map was printed by the prominent Parisian cartographer Georges Louis Le Rouge just in time for its use by the French navy during the Revolutionary War. It is rare, and is the first and finest French issue of the chart to be produced. Fisher's chart was so outstanding that it was not rivaled until the mid-nineteenth century. Phillips, A List of Maps of America, p.262; Sellers & Van Ee, Maps & Charts of North America & the West Indies, 1356 #19734$4,000.00
	GASCOIGNE, John and William FADEN (1750-1836) A Plan of Port Royal in South Carolina. Survey'd by Capn. John Gascoigne London: William Faden, [1776]. Copper-engraved sea chart on a full untrimmed sheet, in excellent condition. Sheet size: 32 1/2 x 25 2/3 inches. A very rare and highly detailed sea chart, the most important map of South Carolina's Port Royal Sound and Hilton Head made during the Revolutionary War, here in the first state. This very finely engraved and immensely detailed chart was superior to all other maps printed of the region, and the most important portrayal of the Port Royal Sound available in the early days of the Revolutionary War. The map embraces today's Beaufort County, with the Sound's excellent natural harbour, formed by the numerous Sea Islands, which are separated from each other by an elaborate web of tidal channels. The Broad River enters from the north, and the sound is bordered by Port Royal, Parris, and Trench's (Hilton Head) Island, and Lady's and Saint Helena Islands. In the upper-center of the image is the town of Beaufort, and numerous plantations are individually labeled. This sea chart was one of the most detailed and accurate of any such map of the American coastline. The immense detail of the hydrography was the result of surveys conducted by Captain John Gascoigne, assisted by his brother James. In 1728, aboard the HMS Alborough, he employed the most sophisticated and modern techniques with exacting attention to detail to produce a manuscript chart. The next year, this chart was altered by Francis Swaine, and it would appear that Swaine's manuscript, or a close copy of it, found its way to the London workshop of William Faden. Faden, the successor to the great Thomas Jefferys, was already one of Britain's leading cartographers and this map, present here in the first state, although undated, was printed in 1776. This chart would most certainly have been used by commanders in formulating their battle plans. This is significant, as Port Royal Sound was one of the South's finest harbours, and both sides in the conflict believed that possession of the area was of great strategic importance. Early in the war, the region had fallen under the control of the American patriots, however, in December, 1778 the British seized control of nearby Savannah, Georgia. As the new year of 1779 dawned, the British commander, General Augustin Prevost was determined to further his gains. Taking advantage of Britain's naval superiority, Prevost dispatched the HMS George Germaine with 200 marines aboard, commanded by Major Valentine Gardiner. On February 1st, they first engaged American forces at Hilton Head, who then decided to strategically withdraw up the Broad River, with the British in close pursuit. A fierce battle occurred at Bull's Plantation, forcing the Americans to retreat to the shelter of the surrounding forested swamps. Emboldened by his success, on February 2nd, Gardiner decided to attack Beaufort, which was defended by General William Moultrie. A pitched battle ensued, in which Moultrie managed to disable some of the British guns, which neutralized the British advantage. The next day, Gardiner was forced to retreat with heavy losses. On September 24th of the same year, in what was to become known as the Battle of Hilton Head, three British ships were set upon by a trio of French ships, allied to the American cause. After a dramatic chase and intense exchange of cannon fire, the principal British ship, the HMS Experiment, was forced to surrender. The area remained an important base for the American cause, and although the British conducted isolated raids along the coast, it generally remained in the possession of the American forces for the duration of the war. Guthorn, British Maps of the American Revolution, 150/17; Sellers & Van Ee, Maps & Charts of North America & West Indies, 1529; Stevens & Tree, "Comparative Cartography," 71(a), in Tooley, The Mapping of America; Cf. Cumming, British Maps of Colonial America, pp.47-49; Cumming,The Southeast in Early Maps, 204. #19687$12,000.00
	GASCOIGNE, John and William FADEN (1750-1836) [Daufuskie Island, South Carolina] A Plan of the River and Sound of D'Awfoskee, in South Carolina, Survey'd by Captain John Gascoigne. [London: Jefferys and Faden, 1776]. Copper-engraved sea chart, on a full, untrimmed sheet, in excellent condition. Sheet size: 30 x 21 3/4 inches. A very rare and highly important sea chart of South Carolina's Hilton Head area, made during the Revolutionary War, here in the first state. This finely engraved map was the finest sea chart of the area available in the early days of the Revolutionary War, and most certainly would have played an important role in the development of strategies by various commanders. It embraces the coastal region of South Carolina, from Port Royal Sound in the north, down past the mouth of the Savannah River and Tybee Island, Georgia, in the south. Prominently featured is Hilton Head Island (called "Trench's Island") and "D'Awfoskee Sound," which is today known as Calibogue Sound. The old name survives on "D'Awfoskee Island," but now spelled Daufuskie, located at the centre of the map. This sea chart was one of the most detailed and accurate of any of the American coastline. The immense detail of the hydrography was the result of surveys conducted by Captain John Gascoigne, assisted by his brother James. In 1728, aboard the HMS Alborough he employed the most sophisticated and modern techniques with exacting attention to produce a manuscript chart. The next year, this chart was altered by Francis Swaine, and it would appear that Swaine's manuscript, or a close copy of it, found its way to the London workshop of William Faden. Faden, the successor to the great Thomas Jefferys, adapted this map from a section of Swaine's manuscript, and the present first state was printed in 1776. During the American Revolution, this area was an active military theatre. At the outbreak of the war, Hilton Head and most other areas sided with the Americans, however Daufuskie Island fell under British control. Britain's superior naval power allowed its ships to conduct frequent raids along the coast for the duration of the war. However the real threat to the American cause came in December, 1778, when British General Augustin Prevost seized Savannah, determined to use it as a base for further operations. The following February, he dispatched a team of marines to take control of Port Royal Sound. They initially engaged the Americans at Hilton Head before proceeding further up Port Royal Sound. However, the invasion was ultimately repelled by Gen. William Moultrie at Beaufort. On September 24th of the same year, in what was to become known as the Battle of Hilton Head, three British ships were set upon by a trio of French ships allied to the American cause. After a dramatic chase and an intense exchange of cannon fire, the principal British ship, the HMS Experiment, was forced to surrender. Sellers & Van Ee, Maps & Charts of North America & the West Indies, 1525; Stevens & Tree, "Comparative Cartography," in Tooley, The Mapping of America, 16 (a); Cf. Cumming, British Maps of Colonial America, pp.47-49; Cumming,The Southeast in Early Maps, 204 #19756$12,000.00
	KEULEN, Johannes van (1678-1727) Pas kaart van de Zee kusten van Nieuw Nederland anders genaamt Niew York Amsterdam: Johannes van Keulen, [1687]. Copper-engraved map, full period hand-colouring, heightened with gold. In excellent condition. Sheet size: 20 7/8 x 25 inches. A very fine copy of the second state of this spectacular map: the second printed chart of New York, Long Island and southern New England, with a large integral inset which includes the first separate map of the River Hudson Issued in the fourth part of Van Keulen's Zee-Fakkel, this highly important chart is only pre-dated by Arent Roggeveen's extremely rare Pascaerte van Nieu Nederland of 1675. Based on original Dutch surveys made just before they surrendered New Netherlands to the English in 1664, this map "arguably represents the apogee of Dutch knowledge of the region, many toponyms appearing for the first time... Although the region is named both New Netherlands and New York the city itself is unnamed. Nearby are a great number of placenames including some recognisable ones such as Konynen Eyl., Breukelen and further east on Long Island Heemstede, Ooster Bay and Oost Hampton " (Burden II, p.247). The shores of southern New England show the influence of the English settlers with names including Newport, Portsmouth, Providence, Norwich. de Thaems River, Gilford and Niew London. In the far right, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket are correctly named and more accurately represented than had previously been the case. "The inset in the top third is the map's main claim to fame. It is the first engraved map devoted to the Hudson River and it, too, introduces many new placenames. On the west side above Manhattan is Taphaan and further upriver is Kats Kil, Middelburgh now Hudson, and 't Greyn Bosch near Albany. Tucked in with it is a smaller inset map of the lower reaches of the Connecticut River called the Versche , or fresh, River" (Burden II, p.247). After an initial investigation by the Dutch, and the establishment of an early trading post near Hartford in 1633, the Connecticut River was left largely to the English. Four main settlements identified here include the towns of Winser, Hereford (i.e. Hartford), Waters Veldt (Weathersfield) and Zee Broeck (Saybrook). The first state of this chart was published by innovative Dutch cartographer and publisher Johannes van Keulen, in his 1685 Sea-Atlas [or Zee-Fakkel]. He had "published earlier editions of his Sea-Atlas [or Zee-Fakkel] in 1680 and 1683, but the [first state of the present chart] ... first appeared as illustration 20 in the third volume of the first completed edition published in 1685." (Deak p.41). The present example, Burden's second state with the plate number engraved in the lower left corner, is from the second edition of the atlas published in 1687. Burden records a third state (c.1695?) and a fourth (the most common, published first in about 1702). Burden The Mapping of North America II, 587 (State 2); Deák Picturing America 68; cf. Koeman IV, Keu109B; McCorkle New England 684.3; cf. Phillips 530, 3444, 3453 and 5692; Stokes Iconography II, pp/158-159. #24936$18,500.00
	SMITH, After Anthony Baye de Chesapeake en 4 feuilles avec les Bas fonds, Passes, Entrees, Sondes et Routes... Patowmack, Patapsco, et Nord-Est d'apres les Dessins de Navigateurs Experimentes, principal d'apres A. Smith Pilote de St. Marys; Comparees avec les Nouvelles Levees de Virginie et Maryland Paris: George Louis Le Rouge, 1778. Copper-engraved map. 4 sheets intended to be joined. In this example, the sheets have been joined in pairs. Sheet size: 2 sheets 21 x 55 inches each. Marvelous Chesapeake Bay chart made during the American Revolution The first French edition of Chesapeake pilot Anthony Smith's highly detailed chart of Chesapeake Bay and the rivers that converge in it. As Pritchard points out, pilots were offering themselves for hire to visiting merchant ships from the 1640s onward, so hazardous are sand spits, currents and shoals. Given the critical need, it is surprising how few charts were made in the 18th century. In making his chart, Anthony Smith, of St, Mary's County in Maryland, took the most important cartographical works on the region: Walter Hoxton's 1735 chart and Fry and Jefferson's map of Virginia and added to this information many soundings in the mouths of Western shore rivers, making it the best chart of the Bay. As such, it was published by George Louis Le Rouge in the Pilote Americain Septentrionale in 1778, the year in which the French formally allied with the Americans. The LeRouge is undoubtedly based on the 2nd English edition of 1777. The first two editions of Smith's chart are virtually unobtainable, so the LeRouge edition (the third) in a large, wall map scale, represents an opportunity for collectors to see in detail the places where on sea and land the British endured their final defeat. Three years after it was issued, the French fleet, having driven off the British, blockaded the Bay and surrounded the Yorktown peninsula, which, in concert with Washington's siege, forced the British to surrender. Degrees of Latitude 48; Sellers & Van Ee, 1496 #21326$45,000.00
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